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+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+
+// Copyright 2014 Tony Wasserka
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// * Neither the name of the owner nor the names of its contributors may
+// be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+// without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace Math {
+
+template<typename T> class Vec2;
+template<typename T> class Vec3;
+template<typename T> class Vec4;
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec2<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const T& y);
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec3<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const T& y, const T& z);
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const T& y, const T& z, const T& w);
+
+
+template<typename T>
+class Vec2 {
+public:
+ T x;
+ T y;
+
+ T* AsArray() { return &x; }
+
+ Vec2() = default;
+ Vec2(const T a[2]) : x(a[0]), y(a[1]) {}
+ Vec2(const T& _x, const T& _y) : x(_x), y(_y) {}
+
+ template<typename T2>
+ Vec2<T2> Cast() const {
+ return Vec2<T2>((T2)x, (T2)y);
+ }
+
+ static Vec2 AssignToAll(const T& f)
+ {
+ return Vec2<T>(f, f);
+ }
+
+ void Write(T a[2])
+ {
+ a[0] = x; a[1] = y;
+ }
+
+ Vec2<decltype(T{}+T{})> operator +(const Vec2& other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x+other.x, y+other.y);
+ }
+ void operator += (const Vec2 &other)
+ {
+ x+=other.x; y+=other.y;
+ }
+ Vec2<decltype(T{}-T{})> operator -(const Vec2& other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x-other.x, y-other.y);
+ }
+ void operator -= (const Vec2& other)
+ {
+ x-=other.x; y-=other.y;
+ }
+ Vec2<decltype(-T{})> operator -() const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(-x,-y);
+ }
+ Vec2<decltype(T{}*T{})> operator * (const Vec2& other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x*other.x, y*other.y);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ Vec2<decltype(T{}*V{})> operator * (const V& f) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x*f,y*f);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ void operator *= (const V& f)
+ {
+ x*=f; y*=f;
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ Vec2<decltype(T{}/V{})> operator / (const V& f) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x/f,y/f);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ void operator /= (const V& f)
+ {
+ *this = *this / f;
+ }
+
+ T Length2() const
+ {
+ return x*x + y*y;
+ }
+
+ // Only implemented for T=float
+ float Length() const;
+ void SetLength(const float l);
+ Vec2 WithLength(const float l) const;
+ float Distance2To(Vec2 &other);
+ Vec2 Normalized() const;
+ float Normalize(); // returns the previous length, which is often useful
+
+ T& operator [] (int i) //allow vector[1] = 3 (vector.y=3)
+ {
+ return *((&x) + i);
+ }
+ T operator [] (const int i) const
+ {
+ return *((&x) + i);
+ }
+
+ void SetZero()
+ {
+ x=0; y=0;
+ }
+
+ // Common aliases: UV (texel coordinates), ST (texture coordinates)
+ T& u() { return x; }
+ T& v() { return y; }
+ T& s() { return x; }
+ T& t() { return y; }
+
+ const T& u() const { return x; }
+ const T& v() const { return y; }
+ const T& s() const { return x; }
+ const T& t() const { return y; }
+
+ // swizzlers - create a subvector of specific components
+ const Vec2 yx() const { return Vec2(y, x); }
+ const Vec2 vu() const { return Vec2(y, x); }
+ const Vec2 ts() const { return Vec2(y, x); }
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename V>
+Vec2<T> operator * (const V& f, const Vec2<T>& vec)
+{
+ return Vec2<T>(f*vec.x,f*vec.y);
+}
+
+typedef Vec2<float> Vec2f;
+
+template<typename T>
+class Vec3
+{
+public:
+ T x;
+ T y;
+ T z;
+
+ T* AsArray() { return &x; }
+
+ Vec3() = default;
+ Vec3(const T a[3]) : x(a[0]), y(a[1]), z(a[2]) {}
+ Vec3(const T& _x, const T& _y, const T& _z) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z) {}
+
+ template<typename T2>
+ Vec3<T2> Cast() const {
+ return MakeVec<T2>((T2)x, (T2)y, (T2)z);
+ }
+
+ // Only implemented for T=int and T=float
+ static Vec3 FromRGB(unsigned int rgb);
+ unsigned int ToRGB() const; // alpha bits set to zero
+
+ static Vec3 AssignToAll(const T& f)
+ {
+ return MakeVec(f, f, f);
+ }
+
+ void Write(T a[3])
+ {
+ a[0] = x; a[1] = y; a[2] = z;
+ }
+
+ Vec3<decltype(T{}+T{})> operator +(const Vec3 &other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x+other.x, y+other.y, z+other.z);
+ }
+ void operator += (const Vec3 &other)
+ {
+ x+=other.x; y+=other.y; z+=other.z;
+ }
+ Vec3<decltype(T{}-T{})> operator -(const Vec3 &other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x-other.x, y-other.y, z-other.z);
+ }
+ void operator -= (const Vec3 &other)
+ {
+ x-=other.x; y-=other.y; z-=other.z;
+ }
+ Vec3<decltype(-T{})> operator -() const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(-x,-y,-z);
+ }
+ Vec3<decltype(T{}*T{})> operator * (const Vec3 &other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x*other.x, y*other.y, z*other.z);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ Vec3<decltype(T{}*V{})> operator * (const V& f) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x*f,y*f,z*f);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ void operator *= (const V& f)
+ {
+ x*=f; y*=f; z*=f;
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ Vec3<decltype(T{}/V{})> operator / (const V& f) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x/f,y/f,z/f);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ void operator /= (const V& f)
+ {
+ *this = *this / f;
+ }
+
+ T Length2() const
+ {
+ return x*x + y*y + z*z;
+ }
+
+ // Only implemented for T=float
+ float Length() const;
+ void SetLength(const float l);
+ Vec3 WithLength(const float l) const;
+ float Distance2To(Vec3 &other);
+ Vec3 Normalized() const;
+ float Normalize(); // returns the previous length, which is often useful
+
+ T& operator [] (int i) //allow vector[2] = 3 (vector.z=3)
+ {
+ return *((&x) + i);
+ }
+ T operator [] (const int i) const
+ {
+ return *((&x) + i);
+ }
+
+ void SetZero()
+ {
+ x=0; y=0; z=0;
+ }
+
+ // Common aliases: UVW (texel coordinates), RGB (colors), STQ (texture coordinates)
+ T& u() { return x; }
+ T& v() { return y; }
+ T& w() { return z; }
+
+ T& r() { return x; }
+ T& g() { return y; }
+ T& b() { return z; }
+
+ T& s() { return x; }
+ T& t() { return y; }
+ T& q() { return z; }
+
+ const T& u() const { return x; }
+ const T& v() const { return y; }
+ const T& w() const { return z; }
+
+ const T& r() const { return x; }
+ const T& g() const { return y; }
+ const T& b() const { return z; }
+
+ const T& s() const { return x; }
+ const T& t() const { return y; }
+ const T& q() const { return z; }
+
+ // swizzlers - create a subvector of specific components
+ // e.g. Vec2 uv() { return Vec2(x,y); }
+ // _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2 defines a single such function, DEFINE_SWIZZLER2 defines all of them for all component names (x<->r) and permutations (xy<->yx)
+#define _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, name) const Vec2<T> name() const { return Vec2<T>(a, b); }
+#define DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, a2, b2, a3, b3, a4, b4) \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, a##b); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, a2##b2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, a3##b3); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, a4##b4); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(b, a, b##a); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(b, a, b2##a2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(b, a, b3##a3); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(b, a, b4##a4)
+
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(x, y, r, g, u, v, s, t);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(x, z, r, b, u, w, s, q);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(y, z, g, b, v, w, t, q);
+#undef DEFINE_SWIZZLER2
+#undef _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename V>
+Vec3<T> operator * (const V& f, const Vec3<T>& vec)
+{
+ return Vec3<T>(f*vec.x,f*vec.y,f*vec.z);
+}
+
+template<>
+inline float Vec3<float>::Length() const {
+ return std::sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
+}
+
+template<>
+inline Vec3<float> Vec3<float>::Normalized() const {
+ return *this / Length();
+}
+
+
+typedef Vec3<float> Vec3f;
+
+template<typename T>
+class Vec4
+{
+public:
+ T x;
+ T y;
+ T z;
+ T w;
+
+ T* AsArray() { return &x; }
+
+ Vec4() = default;
+ Vec4(const T a[4]) : x(a[0]), y(a[1]), z(a[2]), w(a[3]) {}
+ Vec4(const T& _x, const T& _y, const T& _z, const T& _w) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), w(_w) {}
+
+ template<typename T2>
+ Vec4<T2> Cast() const {
+ return Vec4<T2>((T2)x, (T2)y, (T2)z, (T2)w);
+ }
+
+ // Only implemented for T=int and T=float
+ static Vec4 FromRGBA(unsigned int rgba);
+ unsigned int ToRGBA() const;
+
+ static Vec4 AssignToAll(const T& f) {
+ return Vec4<T>(f, f, f, f);
+ }
+
+ void Write(T a[4])
+ {
+ a[0] = x; a[1] = y; a[2] = z; a[3] = w;
+ }
+
+ Vec4<decltype(T{}+T{})> operator +(const Vec4& other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x+other.x, y+other.y, z+other.z, w+other.w);
+ }
+ void operator += (const Vec4& other)
+ {
+ x+=other.x; y+=other.y; z+=other.z; w+=other.w;
+ }
+ Vec4<decltype(T{}-T{})> operator -(const Vec4 &other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x-other.x, y-other.y, z-other.z, w-other.w);
+ }
+ void operator -= (const Vec4 &other)
+ {
+ x-=other.x; y-=other.y; z-=other.z; w-=other.w;
+ }
+ Vec4<decltype(-T{})> operator -() const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(-x,-y,-z,-w);
+ }
+ Vec4<decltype(T{}*T{})> operator * (const Vec4 &other) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x*other.x, y*other.y, z*other.z, w*other.w);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ Vec4<decltype(T{}*V{})> operator * (const V& f) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x*f,y*f,z*f,w*f);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ void operator *= (const V& f)
+ {
+ x*=f; y*=f; z*=f; w*=f;
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ Vec4<decltype(T{}/V{})> operator / (const V& f) const
+ {
+ return MakeVec(x/f,y/f,z/f,w/f);
+ }
+ template<typename V>
+ void operator /= (const V& f)
+ {
+ *this = *this / f;
+ }
+
+ T Length2() const
+ {
+ return x*x + y*y + z*z + w*w;
+ }
+
+ // Only implemented for T=float
+ float Length() const;
+ void SetLength(const float l);
+ Vec4 WithLength(const float l) const;
+ float Distance2To(Vec4 &other);
+ Vec4 Normalized() const;
+ float Normalize(); // returns the previous length, which is often useful
+
+ T& operator [] (int i) //allow vector[2] = 3 (vector.z=3)
+ {
+ return *((&x) + i);
+ }
+ T operator [] (const int i) const
+ {
+ return *((&x) + i);
+ }
+
+ void SetZero()
+ {
+ x=0; y=0; z=0;
+ }
+
+ // Common alias: RGBA (colors)
+ T& r() { return x; }
+ T& g() { return y; }
+ T& b() { return z; }
+ T& a() { return w; }
+
+ const T& r() const { return x; }
+ const T& g() const { return y; }
+ const T& b() const { return z; }
+ const T& a() const { return w; }
+
+ // Swizzlers - Create a subvector of specific components
+ // e.g. Vec2 uv() { return Vec2(x,y); }
+
+ // _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2 defines a single such function
+ // DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP1 defines one-component functions for all component names (x<->r)
+ // DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2 defines two component functions for all component names (x<->r) and permutations (xy<->yx)
+#define _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, name) const Vec2<T> name() const { return Vec2<T>(a, b); }
+#define DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP1(a, a2) \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, a, a##a); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, a, a2##a2)
+#define DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2(a, b, a2, b2) \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, a##b); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(a, b, a2##b2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(b, a, b##a); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2(b, a, b2##a2)
+
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2(x, y, r, g);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2(x, z, r, b);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2(x, w, r, a);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2(y, z, g, b);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2(y, w, g, a);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2(z, w, b, a);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP1(x, r);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP1(y, g);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP1(z, b);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP1(w, a);
+#undef DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP1
+#undef DEFINE_SWIZZLER2_COMP2
+#undef _DEFINE_SWIZZLER2
+
+#define _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(a, b, c, name) const Vec3<T> name() const { return Vec3<T>(a, b, c); }
+#define DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP1(a, a2) \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(a, a, a, a##a##a); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(a, a, a, a2##a2##a2)
+#define DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP3(a, b, c, a2, b2, c2) \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(a, b, c, a##b##c); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(a, c, b, a##c##b); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(b, a, c, b##a##c); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(b, c, a, b##c##a); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(c, a, b, c##a##b); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(c, b, a, c##b##a); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(a, b, c, a2##b2##c2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(a, c, b, a2##c2##b2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(b, a, c, b2##a2##c2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(b, c, a, b2##c2##a2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(c, a, b, c2##a2##b2); \
+ _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3(c, b, a, c2##b2##a2)
+
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP3(x, y, z, r, g, b);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP3(x, y, w, r, g, a);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP3(x, z, w, r, b, a);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP3(y, z, w, g, b, a);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP1(x, r);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP1(y, g);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP1(z, b);
+ DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP1(w, a);
+#undef DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP1
+#undef DEFINE_SWIZZLER3_COMP3
+#undef _DEFINE_SWIZZLER3
+};
+
+
+template<typename T, typename V>
+Vec4<decltype(V{}*T{})> operator * (const V& f, const Vec4<T>& vec)
+{
+ return MakeVec(f*vec.x,f*vec.y,f*vec.z,f*vec.w);
+}
+
+typedef Vec4<float> Vec4f;
+
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline decltype(T{}*T{}+T{}*T{}) Dot(const Vec2<T>& a, const Vec2<T>& b)
+{
+ return a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline decltype(T{}*T{}+T{}*T{}) Dot(const Vec3<T>& a, const Vec3<T>& b)
+{
+ return a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y + a.z*b.z;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline decltype(T{}*T{}+T{}*T{}) Dot(const Vec4<T>& a, const Vec4<T>& b)
+{
+ return a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y + a.z*b.z + a.w*b.w;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec3<decltype(T{}*T{}-T{}*T{})> Cross(const Vec3<T>& a, const Vec3<T>& b)
+{
+ return MakeVec(a.y*b.z-a.z*b.y, a.z*b.x-a.x*b.z, a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x);
+}
+
+// linear interpolation via float: 0.0=begin, 1.0=end
+template<typename X>
+static inline decltype(X{}*float{}+X{}*float{}) Lerp(const X& begin, const X& end, const float t)
+{
+ return begin*(1.f-t) + end*t;
+}
+
+// linear interpolation via int: 0=begin, base=end
+template<typename X, int base>
+static inline decltype((X{}*int{}+X{}*int{}) / base) LerpInt(const X& begin, const X& end, const int t)
+{
+ return (begin*(base-t) + end*t) / base;
+}
+
+// Utility vector factories
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec2<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const T& y)
+{
+ return Vec2<T>{x, y};
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec3<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const T& y, const T& z)
+{
+ return Vec3<T>{x, y, z};
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const T& y, const Vec2<T>& zw)
+{
+ return MakeVec(x, y, zw[0], zw[1]);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec3<T> MakeVec(const Vec2<T>& xy, const T& z)
+{
+ return MakeVec(xy[0], xy[1], z);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec3<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const Vec2<T>& yz)
+{
+ return MakeVec(x, yz[0], yz[1]);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const T& y, const T& z, const T& w)
+{
+ return Vec4<T>{x, y, z, w};
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const Vec2<T>& xy, const T& z, const T& w)
+{
+ return MakeVec(xy[0], xy[1], z, w);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const Vec2<T>& yz, const T& w)
+{
+ return MakeVec(x, yz[0], yz[1], w);
+}
+
+// NOTE: This has priority over "Vec2<Vec2<T>> MakeVec(const Vec2<T>& x, const Vec2<T>& y)".
+// Even if someone wanted to use an odd object like Vec2<Vec2<T>>, the compiler would error
+// out soon enough due to misuse of the returned structure.
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const Vec2<T>& xy, const Vec2<T>& zw)
+{
+ return MakeVec(xy[0], xy[1], zw[0], zw[1]);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const Vec3<T>& xyz, const T& w)
+{
+ return MakeVec(xyz[0], xyz[1], xyz[2], w);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline Vec4<T> MakeVec(const T& x, const Vec3<T>& yzw)
+{
+ return MakeVec(x, yzw[0], yzw[1], yzw[2]);
+}
+
+
+} // namespace