9 files changed, 1145 insertions, 292 deletions

diff --git a/minui/Android.mk b/minui/Android.mk
index 54eb06166..7b401567d 100644
--- a/minui/Android.mk
+++ b/minui/Android.mk
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := graphics_overlay.c events.c resources.c
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := graphics_adf.c graphics_fbdev.c graphics_overlay.c events.c resources.c
 ifneq ($(BOARD_CUSTOM_GRAPHICS),)
   LOCAL_SRC_FILES += $(BOARD_CUSTOM_GRAPHICS)
 else
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ else
 endif
 
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARY := libpng
+LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES += libadf
+
 LOCAL_MODULE := libminui
 
 # This used to compare against values in double-quotes (which are just
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := graphics_overlay.c events.c resources.c
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := graphics_adf.c graphics_fbdev.c graphics_overlay.c events.c resources.c
 ifneq ($(BOARD_CUSTOM_GRAPHICS),)
   LOCAL_SRC_FILES += $(BOARD_CUSTOM_GRAPHICS)
 else
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ LOCAL_MODULE := libminui
 
 LOCAL_ARM_MODE:= arm
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libpng libpixelflinger
+LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES += libadf
 # This used to compare against values in double-quotes (which are just
 # ordinary characters in this context).  Strip double-quotes from the
 # value so that either will work.
diff --git a/minui/events.c b/minui/events.c
index 2918afaa8..df7dad448 100644
--- a/minui/events.c
+++ b/minui/events.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
-#include <sys/poll.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
 
 #include <linux/input.h>
 
@@ -34,11 +34,15 @@
     ((array)[(bit)/BITS_PER_LONG] & (1 << ((bit) % BITS_PER_LONG)))
 
 struct fd_info {
+    int fd;
     ev_callback cb;
     void *data;
 };
 
-static struct pollfd ev_fds[MAX_DEVICES + MAX_MISC_FDS];
+static int epollfd;
+static struct epoll_event polledevents[MAX_DEVICES + MAX_MISC_FDS];
+static int npolledevents;
+
 static struct fd_info ev_fdinfo[MAX_DEVICES + MAX_MISC_FDS];
 
 static unsigned ev_count = 0;
@@ -50,6 +54,12 @@ int ev_init(ev_callback input_cb, void *data)
     DIR *dir;
     struct dirent *de;
     int fd;
+    struct epoll_event ev;
+    bool epollctlfail = false;
+
+    epollfd = epoll_create(MAX_DEVICES + MAX_MISC_FDS);
+    if (epollfd == -1)
+        return -1;
 
     dir = opendir("/dev/input");
     if(dir != 0) {
@@ -74,8 +84,15 @@ int ev_init(ev_callback input_cb, void *data)
                 continue;
             }
 
-            ev_fds[ev_count].fd = fd;
-            ev_fds[ev_count].events = POLLIN;
+            ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLWAKEUP;
+            ev.data.ptr = (void *)&ev_fdinfo[ev_count];
+            if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev)) {
+                close(fd);
+                epollctlfail = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            ev_fdinfo[ev_count].fd = fd;
             ev_fdinfo[ev_count].cb = input_cb;
             ev_fdinfo[ev_count].data = data;
             ev_count++;
@@ -84,59 +101,78 @@ int ev_init(ev_callback input_cb, void *data)
         }
     }
 
+    if (epollctlfail && !ev_count) {
+        close(epollfd);
+        epollfd = -1;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
 int ev_add_fd(int fd, ev_callback cb, void *data)
 {
+    struct epoll_event ev;
+    int ret;
+
     if (ev_misc_count == MAX_MISC_FDS || cb == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    ev_fds[ev_count].fd = fd;
-    ev_fds[ev_count].events = POLLIN;
-    ev_fdinfo[ev_count].cb = cb;
-    ev_fdinfo[ev_count].data = data;
-    ev_count++;
-    ev_misc_count++;
-    return 0;
+    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLWAKEUP;
+    ev.data.ptr = (void *)&ev_fdinfo[ev_count];
+    ret = epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev);
+    if (!ret) {
+        ev_fdinfo[ev_count].fd = fd;
+        ev_fdinfo[ev_count].cb = cb;
+        ev_fdinfo[ev_count].data = data;
+        ev_count++;
+        ev_misc_count++;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int ev_get_epollfd(void)
+{
+    return epollfd;
 }
 
 void ev_exit(void)
 {
     while (ev_count > 0) {
-        close(ev_fds[--ev_count].fd);
+        close(ev_fdinfo[--ev_count].fd);
     }
     ev_misc_count = 0;
     ev_dev_count = 0;
+    close(epollfd);
 }
 
 int ev_wait(int timeout)
 {
-    int r;
-
-    r = poll(ev_fds, ev_count, timeout);
-    if (r <= 0)
+    npolledevents = epoll_wait(epollfd, polledevents, ev_count, timeout);
+    if (npolledevents <= 0)
         return -1;
     return 0;
 }
 
 void ev_dispatch(void)
 {
-    unsigned n;
+    int n;
     int ret;
 
-    for (n = 0; n < ev_count; n++) {
-        ev_callback cb = ev_fdinfo[n].cb;
-        if (cb && (ev_fds[n].revents & ev_fds[n].events))
-            cb(ev_fds[n].fd, ev_fds[n].revents, ev_fdinfo[n].data);
+    for (n = 0; n < npolledevents; n++) {
+        struct fd_info *fdi = polledevents[n].data.ptr;
+        ev_callback cb = fdi->cb;
+        if (cb)
+            cb(fdi->fd, polledevents[n].events, fdi->data);
     }
 }
 
-int ev_get_input(int fd, short revents, struct input_event *ev)
+int ev_get_input(int fd, uint32_t epevents, struct input_event *ev)
 {
     int r;
 
-    if (revents & POLLIN) {
+    if (epevents & EPOLLIN) {
         r = read(fd, ev, sizeof(*ev));
         if (r == sizeof(*ev))
             return 0;
@@ -157,11 +193,11 @@ int ev_sync_key_state(ev_set_key_callback set_key_cb, void *data)
         memset(key_bits, 0, sizeof(key_bits));
         memset(ev_bits, 0, sizeof(ev_bits));
 
-        ret = ioctl(ev_fds[i].fd, EVIOCGBIT(0, sizeof(ev_bits)), ev_bits);
+        ret = ioctl(ev_fdinfo[i].fd, EVIOCGBIT(0, sizeof(ev_bits)), ev_bits);
         if (ret < 0 || !test_bit(EV_KEY, ev_bits))
             continue;
 
-        ret = ioctl(ev_fds[i].fd, EVIOCGKEY(sizeof(key_bits)), key_bits);
+        ret = ioctl(ev_fdinfo[i].fd, EVIOCGKEY(sizeof(key_bits)), key_bits);
         if (ret < 0)
             continue;
 
diff --git a/minui/font_10x18.h b/minui/font_10x18.h
index 7f96465cc..29d705344 100644
--- a/minui/font_10x18.h
+++ b/minui/font_10x18.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ struct {
   unsigned height;
   unsigned cwidth;
   unsigned cheight;
-  unsigned char rundata[];
+  unsigned char rundata[2973];
 } font = {
   .width = 960,
   .height = 18,
diff --git a/minui/graphics.c b/minui/graphics.c
index 8f951756d..470e735c9 100644
--- a/minui/graphics.c
+++ b/minui/graphics.c
@@ -29,44 +29,34 @@
 #include <linux/fb.h>
 #include <linux/kd.h>
 
-#include <pixelflinger/pixelflinger.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
 #include "font_10x18.h"
 #include "minui.h"
-
-#if defined(RECOVERY_BGRA)
-#define PIXEL_FORMAT GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888
-#define PIXEL_SIZE   4
-#elif defined(RECOVERY_RGBX)
-#define PIXEL_FORMAT GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888
-#define PIXEL_SIZE   4
-#else
-#define PIXEL_FORMAT GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565
-#define PIXEL_SIZE   2
-#endif
-
-#define NUM_BUFFERS 2
+#include "graphics.h"
 
 typedef struct {
-    GGLSurface* texture;
-    unsigned cwidth;
-    unsigned cheight;
+    GRSurface* texture;
+    int cwidth;
+    int cheight;
 } GRFont;
 
-static GRFont *gr_font = 0;
-static GGLContext *gr_context = 0;
-static GGLSurface gr_font_texture;
-static GGLSurface gr_framebuffer[NUM_BUFFERS];
-static GGLSurface gr_mem_surface;
-static unsigned gr_active_fb = 0;
-static unsigned double_buffering = 0;
+static GRFont* gr_font = NULL;
+static minui_backend* gr_backend = NULL;
+
 static int overscan_percent = OVERSCAN_PERCENT;
 static int overscan_offset_x = 0;
 static int overscan_offset_y = 0;
 
-static int gr_fb_fd = -1;
 static int gr_vt_fd = -1;
 
+static unsigned char gr_current_r = 255;
+static unsigned char gr_current_g = 255;
+static unsigned char gr_current_b = 255;
+static unsigned char gr_current_a = 255;
+
+static GRSurface* gr_draw = NULL;
+
 static struct fb_var_screeninfo vi;
 static struct fb_fix_screeninfo fi;
 
@@ -167,8 +157,6 @@ static int get_framebuffer(GGLSurface *fb)
     if (vi.yres * fi.line_length * 2 > fi.smem_len)
         return fd;
 
-    double_buffering = 1;
-
     fb->version = sizeof(*fb);
     fb->width = vi.xres;
     fb->height = vi.yres;
@@ -233,6 +221,11 @@ void gr_color(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a
     gl->color4xv(gl, color);
 }
 
+static bool outside(int x, int y)
+{
+    return x < 0 || x >= gr_draw->width || y < 0 || y >= gr_draw->height;
+}
+
 int gr_measure(const char *s)
 {
     return gr_font->cwidth * strlen(s);
@@ -249,58 +242,118 @@ int gr_text(int x, int y, const char *s, ...)
     return gr_text_impl(x, y, s, 0);
 }
 
+static void text_blend(unsigned char* src_p, int src_row_bytes,
+                       unsigned char* dst_p, int dst_row_bytes,
+                       int width, int height)
+{
+    int i, j;
+    for (j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
+        unsigned char* sx = src_p;
+        unsigned char* px = dst_p;
+        for (i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
+            unsigned char a = *sx++;
+            if (gr_current_a < 255) a = ((int)a * gr_current_a) / 255;
+            if (a == 255) {
+                *px++ = gr_current_r;
+                *px++ = gr_current_g;
+                *px++ = gr_current_b;
+                px++;
+            } else if (a > 0) {
+                *px = (*px * (255-a) + gr_current_r * a) / 255;
+                ++px;
+                *px = (*px * (255-a) + gr_current_g * a) / 255;
+                ++px;
+                *px = (*px * (255-a) + gr_current_b * a) / 255;
+                ++px;
+                ++px;
+            } else {
+                px += 4;
+            }
+        }
+        src_p += src_row_bytes;
+        dst_p += dst_row_bytes;
+    }
+}
+
+
 int gr_text_impl(int x, int y, const char *s, int bold)
 {
-    GGLContext *gl = gr_context;
     GRFont *font = gr_font;
     unsigned off;
 
-    if (!font->texture) return x;
+    if (!font->texture) return;
+    if (gr_current_a == 0) return;
 
     bold = bold && (font->texture->height != font->cheight);
 
     x += overscan_offset_x;
     y += overscan_offset_y;
 
-    gl->bindTexture(gl, font->texture);
-    gl->texEnvi(gl, GGL_TEXTURE_ENV, GGL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GGL_REPLACE);
-    gl->texGeni(gl, GGL_S, GGL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GGL_ONE_TO_ONE);
-    gl->texGeni(gl, GGL_T, GGL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GGL_ONE_TO_ONE);
-    gl->enable(gl, GGL_TEXTURE_2D);
-
     while((off = *s++)) {
         off -= 32;
+        if (outside(x, y) || outside(x+font->cwidth-1, y+font->cheight-1)) break;
         if (off < 96) {
-            gl->texCoord2i(gl, (off * font->cwidth) - x,
-                           (bold ? font->cheight : 0) - y);
-            gl->recti(gl, x, y, x + font->cwidth, y + font->cheight);
+
+            unsigned char* src_p = font->texture->data + (off * font->cwidth) +
+                (bold ? font->cheight * font->texture->row_bytes : 0);
+            unsigned char* dst_p = gr_draw->data + y*gr_draw->row_bytes + x*gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
+
+            text_blend(src_p, font->texture->row_bytes,
+                       dst_p, gr_draw->row_bytes,
+                       font->cwidth, font->cheight);
+
         }
         x += font->cwidth;
     }
-
-    return x;
 }
 
-void gr_texticon(int x, int y, gr_surface icon) {
-    if (gr_context == NULL || icon == NULL) {
+void gr_texticon(int x, int y, GRSurface* icon) {
+    if (icon == NULL) return;
+
+    if (icon->pixel_bytes != 1) {
+        printf("gr_texticon: source has wrong format\n");
         return;
     }
-    GGLContext* gl = gr_context;
 
     x += overscan_offset_x;
     y += overscan_offset_y;
 
-    gl->bindTexture(gl, (GGLSurface*) icon);
-    gl->texEnvi(gl, GGL_TEXTURE_ENV, GGL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GGL_REPLACE);
-    gl->texGeni(gl, GGL_S, GGL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GGL_ONE_TO_ONE);
-    gl->texGeni(gl, GGL_T, GGL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GGL_ONE_TO_ONE);
-    gl->enable(gl, GGL_TEXTURE_2D);
+    if (outside(x, y) || outside(x+icon->width-1, y+icon->height-1)) return;
 
-    int w = gr_get_width(icon);
-    int h = gr_get_height(icon);
+    unsigned char* src_p = icon->data;
+    unsigned char* dst_p = gr_draw->data + y*gr_draw->row_bytes + x*gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
 
-    gl->texCoord2i(gl, -x, -y);
-    gl->recti(gl, x, y, x+gr_get_width(icon), y+gr_get_height(icon));
+    text_blend(src_p, icon->row_bytes,
+               dst_p, gr_draw->row_bytes,
+               icon->width, icon->height);
+}
+
+void gr_color(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a)
+{
+    gr_current_r = r;
+    gr_current_g = g;
+    gr_current_b = b;
+    gr_current_a = a;
+}
+
+void gr_clear()
+{
+    if (gr_current_r == gr_current_g &&
+        gr_current_r == gr_current_b) {
+        memset(gr_draw->data, gr_current_r, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
+    } else {
+        int x, y;
+        unsigned char* px = gr_draw->data;
+        for (y = 0; y < gr_draw->height; ++y) {
+            for (x = 0; x < gr_draw->width; ++x) {
+                *px++ = gr_current_r;
+                *px++ = gr_current_g;
+                *px++ = gr_current_b;
+                px++;
+            }
+            px += gr_draw->row_bytes - (gr_draw->width * gr_draw->pixel_bytes);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void gr_fill(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
@@ -311,48 +364,82 @@ void gr_fill(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
     x2 += overscan_offset_x;
     y2 += overscan_offset_y;
 
-    GGLContext *gl = gr_context;
-    gl->disable(gl, GGL_TEXTURE_2D);
-    gl->recti(gl, x1, y1, x2, y2);
+    if (outside(x1, y1) || outside(x2-1, y2-1)) return;
+
+    unsigned char* p = gr_draw->data + y1 * gr_draw->row_bytes + x1 * gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
+    if (gr_current_a == 255) {
+        int x, y;
+        for (y = y1; y < y2; ++y) {
+            unsigned char* px = p;
+            for (x = x1; x < x2; ++x) {
+                *px++ = gr_current_r;
+                *px++ = gr_current_g;
+                *px++ = gr_current_b;
+                px++;
+            }
+            p += gr_draw->row_bytes;
+        }
+    } else if (gr_current_a > 0) {
+        int x, y;
+        for (y = y1; y < y2; ++y) {
+            unsigned char* px = p;
+            for (x = x1; x < x2; ++x) {
+                *px = (*px * (255-gr_current_a) + gr_current_r * gr_current_a) / 255;
+                ++px;
+                *px = (*px * (255-gr_current_a) + gr_current_g * gr_current_a) / 255;
+                ++px;
+                *px = (*px * (255-gr_current_a) + gr_current_b * gr_current_a) / 255;
+                ++px;
+                ++px;
+            }
+            p += gr_draw->row_bytes;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-void gr_blit(gr_surface source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
-    if (gr_context == NULL || source == NULL) {
+void gr_blit(GRSurface* source, int sx, int sy, int w, int h, int dx, int dy) {
+    if (source == NULL) return;
+
+    if (gr_draw->pixel_bytes != source->pixel_bytes) {
+        printf("gr_blit: source has wrong format\n");
         return;
     }
-    GGLContext *gl = gr_context;
 
     dx += overscan_offset_x;
     dy += overscan_offset_y;
 
-    gl->bindTexture(gl, (GGLSurface*) source);
-    gl->texEnvi(gl, GGL_TEXTURE_ENV, GGL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GGL_REPLACE);
-    gl->texGeni(gl, GGL_S, GGL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GGL_ONE_TO_ONE);
-    gl->texGeni(gl, GGL_T, GGL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GGL_ONE_TO_ONE);
-    gl->enable(gl, GGL_TEXTURE_2D);
-    gl->texCoord2i(gl, sx - dx, sy - dy);
-    gl->recti(gl, dx, dy, dx + w, dy + h);
+    if (outside(dx, dy) || outside(dx+w-1, dy+h-1)) return;
+
+    unsigned char* src_p = source->data + sy*source->row_bytes + sx*source->pixel_bytes;
+    unsigned char* dst_p = gr_draw->data + dy*gr_draw->row_bytes + dx*gr_draw->pixel_bytes;
+
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
+        memcpy(dst_p, src_p, w * source->pixel_bytes);
+        src_p += source->row_bytes;
+        dst_p += gr_draw->row_bytes;
+    }
 }
 
-unsigned int gr_get_width(gr_surface surface) {
+unsigned int gr_get_width(GRSurface* surface) {
     if (surface == NULL) {
         return 0;
     }
-    return ((GGLSurface*) surface)->width;
+    return surface->width;
 }
 
-unsigned int gr_get_height(gr_surface surface) {
+unsigned int gr_get_height(GRSurface* surface) {
     if (surface == NULL) {
         return 0;
     }
-    return ((GGLSurface*) surface)->height;
+    return surface->height;
 }
 
 static void gr_init_font(void)
 {
     gr_font = calloc(sizeof(*gr_font), 1);
 
-    int res = res_create_surface("font", (void**)&(gr_font->texture));
+    int res = res_create_alpha_surface("font", &(gr_font->texture));
     if (res == 0) {
         // The font image should be a 96x2 array of character images.  The
         // columns are the printable ASCII characters 0x20 - 0x7f.  The
@@ -366,7 +453,8 @@ static void gr_init_font(void)
         gr_font->texture = malloc(sizeof(*gr_font->texture));
         gr_font->texture->width = font.width;
         gr_font->texture->height = font.height;
-        gr_font->texture->stride = font.width;
+        gr_font->texture->row_bytes = font.width;
+        gr_font->texture->pixel_bytes = 1;
 
         unsigned char* bits = malloc(font.width * font.height);
         gr_font->texture->data = (void*) bits;
@@ -381,17 +469,65 @@ static void gr_init_font(void)
         gr_font->cwidth = font.cwidth;
         gr_font->cheight = font.cheight;
     }
+}
+
+#if 0
+// Exercises many of the gr_*() functions; useful for testing.
+static void gr_test() {
+    GRSurface** images;
+    int frames;
+    int result = res_create_multi_surface("icon_installing", &frames, &images);
+    if (result < 0) {
+        printf("create surface %d\n", result);
+        gr_exit();
+        return;
+    }
 
-    // interpret the grayscale as alpha
-    gr_font->texture->format = GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_A_8;
+    time_t start = time(NULL);
+    int x;
+    for (x = 0; x <= 1200; ++x) {
+        if (x < 400) {
+            gr_color(0, 0, 0, 255);
+        } else {
+            gr_color(0, (x-400)%128, 0, 255);
+        }
+        gr_clear();
+
+        gr_color(255, 0, 0, 255);
+        gr_surface frame = images[x%frames];
+        gr_blit(frame, 0, 0, frame->width, frame->height, x, 0);
+
+        gr_color(255, 0, 0, 128);
+        gr_fill(400, 150, 600, 350);
+
+        gr_color(255, 255, 255, 255);
+        gr_text(500, 225, "hello, world!", 0);
+        gr_color(255, 255, 0, 128);
+        gr_text(300+x, 275, "pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs", 1);
+
+        gr_color(0, 0, 255, 128);
+        gr_fill(gr_draw->width - 200 - x, 300, gr_draw->width - x, 500);
+
+        gr_draw = gr_backend->flip(gr_backend);
+    }
+    printf("getting end time\n");
+    time_t end = time(NULL);
+    printf("got end time\n");
+    printf("start %ld end %ld\n", (long)start, (long)end);
+    if (end > start) {
+        printf("%.2f fps\n", ((double)x) / (end-start));
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+void gr_flip() {
+    gr_draw = gr_backend->flip(gr_backend);
 }
 
 int gr_init(void)
 {
-    gglInit(&gr_context);
-    GGLContext *gl = gr_context;
-
     gr_init_font();
+
     gr_vt_fd = open("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR | O_SYNC);
     if (gr_vt_fd < 0) {
         // This is non-fatal; post-Cupcake kernels don't have tty0.
@@ -403,10 +539,12 @@ int gr_init(void)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    gr_fb_fd = get_framebuffer(gr_framebuffer);
-    if (gr_fb_fd < 0) {
-        gr_exit();
-        return -1;
+    gr_backend = open_adf();
+    if (gr_backend) {
+        gr_draw = gr_backend->init(gr_backend);
+        if (!gr_draw) {
+            gr_backend->exit(gr_backend);
+        }
     }
 
     get_memory_surface(&gr_mem_surface);
@@ -420,12 +558,19 @@ int gr_init(void)
         set_active_framebuffer(0);
     gl->colorBuffer(gl, &gr_mem_surface);
 
-    gl->activeTexture(gl, 0);
-    gl->enable(gl, GGL_BLEND);
-    gl->blendFunc(gl, GGL_SRC_ALPHA, GGL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+    if (!gr_draw) {
+        gr_backend = open_fbdev();
+        gr_draw = gr_backend->init(gr_backend);
+        if (gr_draw == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    overscan_offset_x = gr_draw->width * overscan_percent / 100;
+    overscan_offset_y = gr_draw->height * overscan_percent / 100;
 
-    gr_fb_blank(true);
-    gr_fb_blank(false);
+    gr_flip();
+    gr_flip();
 
     if (!alloc_ion_mem(fi.line_length * vi.yres))
         allocate_overlay(gr_fb_fd, gr_framebuffer);
@@ -443,6 +588,8 @@ void gr_exit(void)
 
     free(gr_mem_surface.data);
 
+    gr_backend->exit(gr_backend);
+
     ioctl(gr_vt_fd, KDSETMODE, (void*) KD_TEXT);
     close(gr_vt_fd);
     gr_vt_fd = -1;
@@ -450,17 +597,12 @@ void gr_exit(void)
 
 int gr_fb_width(void)
 {
-    return gr_framebuffer[0].width - 2*overscan_offset_x;
+    return gr_draw->width - 2*overscan_offset_x;
 }
 
 int gr_fb_height(void)
 {
-    return gr_framebuffer[0].height - 2*overscan_offset_y;
-}
-
-gr_pixel *gr_fb_data(void)
-{
-    return (unsigned short *) gr_mem_surface.data;
+    return gr_draw->height - 2*overscan_offset_y;
 }
 
 void gr_fb_blank(bool blank)
@@ -478,14 +620,11 @@ void gr_fb_blank(bool blank)
     write(fd, blank ? "000" : brightness, 3);
     close(fd);
 #else
-    int ret;
+    gr_backend->blank(gr_backend, blank);
+
     if (blank)
         free_overlay(gr_fb_fd);
 
-    ret = ioctl(gr_fb_fd, FBIOBLANK, blank ? FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN : FB_BLANK_UNBLANK);
-    if (ret < 0)
-        perror("ioctl(): blank");
-
     if (!blank)
         allocate_overlay(gr_fb_fd, gr_framebuffer);
 #endif
diff --git a/minui/graphics.h b/minui/graphics.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..993e986ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minui/graphics.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _GRAPHICS_H_
+#define _GRAPHICS_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "minui.h"
+
+typedef struct minui_backend {
+    // Initializes the backend and returns a gr_surface to draw into.
+    gr_surface (*init)(struct minui_backend*);
+
+    // Causes the current drawing surface (returned by the most recent
+    // call to flip() or init()) to be displayed, and returns a new
+    // drawing surface.
+    gr_surface (*flip)(struct minui_backend*);
+
+    // Blank (or unblank) the screen.
+    void (*blank)(struct minui_backend*, bool);
+
+    // Device cleanup when drawing is done.
+    void (*exit)(struct minui_backend*);
+} minui_backend;
+
+minui_backend* open_fbdev();
+minui_backend* open_adf();
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/minui/graphics_adf.c b/minui/graphics_adf.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac6d64e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minui/graphics_adf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include <adf/adf.h>
+
+#include "graphics.h"
+
+struct adf_surface_pdata {
+    GRSurface base;
+    int fd;
+    __u32 offset;
+    __u32 pitch;
+};
+
+struct adf_pdata {
+    minui_backend base;
+    int intf_fd;
+    adf_id_t eng_id;
+    __u32 format;
+
+    unsigned int current_surface;
+    unsigned int n_surfaces;
+    struct adf_surface_pdata surfaces[2];
+};
+
+static gr_surface adf_flip(struct minui_backend *backend);
+static void adf_blank(struct minui_backend *backend, bool blank);
+
+static int adf_surface_init(struct adf_pdata *pdata,
+        struct drm_mode_modeinfo *mode, struct adf_surface_pdata *surf)
+{
+    memset(surf, 0, sizeof(*surf));
+
+    surf->fd = adf_interface_simple_buffer_alloc(pdata->intf_fd, mode->hdisplay,
+            mode->vdisplay, pdata->format, &surf->offset, &surf->pitch);
+    if (surf->fd < 0)
+        return surf->fd;
+
+    surf->base.width = mode->hdisplay;
+    surf->base.height = mode->vdisplay;
+    surf->base.row_bytes = surf->pitch;
+    surf->base.pixel_bytes = (pdata->format == DRM_FORMAT_RGB565) ? 2 : 4;
+
+    surf->base.data = mmap(NULL, surf->pitch * surf->base.height, PROT_WRITE,
+            MAP_SHARED, surf->fd, surf->offset);
+    if (surf->base.data == MAP_FAILED) {
+        close(surf->fd);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int adf_interface_init(struct adf_pdata *pdata)
+{
+    struct adf_interface_data intf_data;
+    int ret = 0;
+    int err;
+
+    err = adf_get_interface_data(pdata->intf_fd, &intf_data);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return err;
+
+    err = adf_surface_init(pdata, &intf_data.current_mode, &pdata->surfaces[0]);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "allocating surface 0 failed: %s\n", strerror(-err));
+        ret = err;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    err = adf_surface_init(pdata, &intf_data.current_mode,
+            &pdata->surfaces[1]);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "allocating surface 1 failed: %s\n", strerror(-err));
+        memset(&pdata->surfaces[1], 0, sizeof(pdata->surfaces[1]));
+        pdata->n_surfaces = 1;
+    } else {
+        pdata->n_surfaces = 2;
+    }
+
+done:
+    adf_free_interface_data(&intf_data);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int adf_device_init(struct adf_pdata *pdata, struct adf_device *dev)
+{
+    adf_id_t intf_id;
+    int intf_fd;
+    int err;
+
+    err = adf_find_simple_post_configuration(dev, &pdata->format, 1, &intf_id,
+            &pdata->eng_id);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return err;
+
+    err = adf_device_attach(dev, pdata->eng_id, intf_id);
+    if (err < 0 && err != -EALREADY)
+        return err;
+
+    pdata->intf_fd = adf_interface_open(dev, intf_id, O_RDWR);
+    if (pdata->intf_fd < 0)
+        return pdata->intf_fd;
+
+    err = adf_interface_init(pdata);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        close(pdata->intf_fd);
+        pdata->intf_fd = -1;
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+static gr_surface adf_init(minui_backend *backend)
+{
+    struct adf_pdata *pdata = (struct adf_pdata *)backend;
+    adf_id_t *dev_ids = NULL;
+    ssize_t n_dev_ids, i;
+    gr_surface ret;
+
+#if defined(RECOVERY_BGRA)
+    pdata->format = DRM_FORMAT_BGRA8888;
+#elif defined(RECOVERY_RGBX)
+    pdata->format = DRM_FORMAT_RGBX8888;
+#else
+    pdata->format = DRM_FORMAT_RGB565;
+#endif
+
+    n_dev_ids = adf_devices(&dev_ids);
+    if (n_dev_ids == 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    } else if (n_dev_ids < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "enumerating adf devices failed: %s\n",
+                strerror(-n_dev_ids));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pdata->intf_fd = -1;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n_dev_ids && pdata->intf_fd < 0; i++) {
+        struct adf_device dev;
+
+        int err = adf_device_open(dev_ids[i], O_RDWR, &dev);
+        if (err < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "opening adf device %u failed: %s\n", dev_ids[i],
+                    strerror(-err));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        err = adf_device_init(pdata, &dev);
+        if (err < 0)
+            fprintf(stderr, "initializing adf device %u failed: %s\n",
+                    dev_ids[i], strerror(-err));
+
+        adf_device_close(&dev);
+    }
+
+    free(dev_ids);
+
+    if (pdata->intf_fd < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    ret = adf_flip(backend);
+
+    adf_blank(backend, true);
+    adf_blank(backend, false);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static gr_surface adf_flip(struct minui_backend *backend)
+{
+    struct adf_pdata *pdata = (struct adf_pdata *)backend;
+    struct adf_surface_pdata *surf = &pdata->surfaces[pdata->current_surface];
+
+    int fence_fd = adf_interface_simple_post(pdata->intf_fd, pdata->eng_id,
+            surf->base.width, surf->base.height, pdata->format, surf->fd,
+            surf->offset, surf->pitch, -1);
+    if (fence_fd >= 0)
+        close(fence_fd);
+
+    pdata->current_surface = (pdata->current_surface + 1) % pdata->n_surfaces;
+    return &pdata->surfaces[pdata->current_surface].base;
+}
+
+static void adf_blank(struct minui_backend *backend, bool blank)
+{
+    struct adf_pdata *pdata = (struct adf_pdata *)backend;
+    adf_interface_blank(pdata->intf_fd,
+            blank ? DRM_MODE_DPMS_OFF : DRM_MODE_DPMS_ON);
+}
+
+static void adf_surface_destroy(struct adf_surface_pdata *surf)
+{
+    munmap(surf->base.data, surf->pitch * surf->base.height);
+    close(surf->fd);
+}
+
+static void adf_exit(struct minui_backend *backend)
+{
+    struct adf_pdata *pdata = (struct adf_pdata *)backend;
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < pdata->n_surfaces; i++)
+        adf_surface_destroy(&pdata->surfaces[i]);
+    if (pdata->intf_fd >= 0)
+        close(pdata->intf_fd);
+    free(pdata);
+}
+
+minui_backend *open_adf()
+{
+    struct adf_pdata *pdata = calloc(1, sizeof(*pdata));
+    if (!pdata) {
+        perror("allocating adf backend failed");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pdata->base.init = adf_init;
+    pdata->base.flip = adf_flip;
+    pdata->base.blank = adf_blank;
+    pdata->base.exit = adf_exit;
+    return &pdata->base;
+}
diff --git a/minui/graphics_fbdev.c b/minui/graphics_fbdev.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0c1bcb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minui/graphics_fbdev.c
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <linux/fb.h>
+#include <linux/kd.h>
+
+#include "minui.h"
+#include "graphics.h"
+
+static gr_surface fbdev_init(minui_backend*);
+static gr_surface fbdev_flip(minui_backend*);
+static void fbdev_blank(minui_backend*, bool);
+static void fbdev_exit(minui_backend*);
+
+static GRSurface gr_framebuffer[2];
+static bool double_buffered;
+static GRSurface* gr_draw = NULL;
+static int displayed_buffer;
+
+static struct fb_var_screeninfo vi;
+static int fb_fd = -1;
+
+static minui_backend my_backend = {
+    .init = fbdev_init,
+    .flip = fbdev_flip,
+    .blank = fbdev_blank,
+    .exit = fbdev_exit,
+};
+
+minui_backend* open_fbdev() {
+    return &my_backend;
+}
+
+static void fbdev_blank(minui_backend* backend __unused, bool blank)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = ioctl(fb_fd, FBIOBLANK, blank ? FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN : FB_BLANK_UNBLANK);
+    if (ret < 0)
+        perror("ioctl(): blank");
+}
+
+static void set_displayed_framebuffer(unsigned n)
+{
+    if (n > 1 || !double_buffered) return;
+
+    vi.yres_virtual = gr_framebuffer[0].height * 2;
+    vi.yoffset = n * gr_framebuffer[0].height;
+    vi.bits_per_pixel = gr_framebuffer[0].pixel_bytes * 8;
+    if (ioctl(fb_fd, FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO, &vi) < 0) {
+        perror("active fb swap failed");
+    }
+    displayed_buffer = n;
+}
+
+static gr_surface fbdev_init(minui_backend* backend) {
+    int fd;
+    void *bits;
+
+    struct fb_fix_screeninfo fi;
+
+    fd = open("/dev/graphics/fb0", O_RDWR);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        perror("cannot open fb0");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &fi) < 0) {
+        perror("failed to get fb0 info");
+        close(fd);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(fd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &vi) < 0) {
+        perror("failed to get fb0 info");
+        close(fd);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // We print this out for informational purposes only, but
+    // throughout we assume that the framebuffer device uses an RGBX
+    // pixel format.  This is the case for every development device I
+    // have access to.  For some of those devices (eg, hammerhead aka
+    // Nexus 5), FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO *reports* that it wants a
+    // different format (XBGR) but actually produces the correct
+    // results on the display when you write RGBX.
+    //
+    // If you have a device that actually *needs* another pixel format
+    // (ie, BGRX, or 565), patches welcome...
+
+    printf("fb0 reports (possibly inaccurate):\n"
+           "  vi.bits_per_pixel = %d\n"
+           "  vi.red.offset   = %3d   .length = %3d\n"
+           "  vi.green.offset = %3d   .length = %3d\n"
+           "  vi.blue.offset  = %3d   .length = %3d\n",
+           vi.bits_per_pixel,
+           vi.red.offset, vi.red.length,
+           vi.green.offset, vi.green.length,
+           vi.blue.offset, vi.blue.length);
+
+    bits = mmap(0, fi.smem_len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+    if (bits == MAP_FAILED) {
+        perror("failed to mmap framebuffer");
+        close(fd);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    memset(bits, 0, fi.smem_len);
+
+    gr_framebuffer[0].width = vi.xres;
+    gr_framebuffer[0].height = vi.yres;
+    gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes = fi.line_length;
+    gr_framebuffer[0].pixel_bytes = vi.bits_per_pixel / 8;
+    gr_framebuffer[0].data = bits;
+    memset(gr_framebuffer[0].data, 0, gr_framebuffer[0].height * gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes);
+
+    /* check if we can use double buffering */
+    if (vi.yres * fi.line_length * 2 <= fi.smem_len) {
+        double_buffered = true;
+
+        memcpy(gr_framebuffer+1, gr_framebuffer, sizeof(GRSurface));
+        gr_framebuffer[1].data = gr_framebuffer[0].data +
+            gr_framebuffer[0].height * gr_framebuffer[0].row_bytes;
+
+        gr_draw = gr_framebuffer+1;
+
+    } else {
+        double_buffered = false;
+
+        // Without double-buffering, we allocate RAM for a buffer to
+        // draw in, and then "flipping" the buffer consists of a
+        // memcpy from the buffer we allocated to the framebuffer.
+
+        gr_draw = (GRSurface*) malloc(sizeof(GRSurface));
+        memcpy(gr_draw, gr_framebuffer, sizeof(GRSurface));
+        gr_draw->data = (unsigned char*) malloc(gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
+        if (!gr_draw->data) {
+            perror("failed to allocate in-memory surface");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    memset(gr_draw->data, 0, gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
+    fb_fd = fd;
+    set_displayed_framebuffer(0);
+
+    printf("framebuffer: %d (%d x %d)\n", fb_fd, gr_draw->width, gr_draw->height);
+
+    fbdev_blank(backend, true);
+    fbdev_blank(backend, false);
+
+    return gr_draw;
+}
+
+static gr_surface fbdev_flip(minui_backend* backend __unused) {
+    if (double_buffered) {
+        // Change gr_draw to point to the buffer currently displayed,
+        // then flip the driver so we're displaying the other buffer
+        // instead.
+        gr_draw = gr_framebuffer + displayed_buffer;
+        set_displayed_framebuffer(1-displayed_buffer);
+    } else {
+        // Copy from the in-memory surface to the framebuffer.
+
+#if defined(RECOVERY_BGRA)
+        unsigned int idx;
+        unsigned char* ucfb_vaddr = (unsigned char*)gr_framebuffer[0].data;
+        unsigned char* ucbuffer_vaddr = (unsigned char*)gr_draw->data;
+        for (idx = 0 ; idx < (gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes); idx += 4) {
+            ucfb_vaddr[idx    ] = ucbuffer_vaddr[idx + 2];
+            ucfb_vaddr[idx + 1] = ucbuffer_vaddr[idx + 1];
+            ucfb_vaddr[idx + 2] = ucbuffer_vaddr[idx    ];
+            ucfb_vaddr[idx + 3] = ucbuffer_vaddr[idx + 3];
+        }
+#else
+        memcpy(gr_framebuffer[0].data, gr_draw->data,
+               gr_draw->height * gr_draw->row_bytes);
+#endif
+    }
+    return gr_draw;
+}
+
+static void fbdev_exit(minui_backend* backend __unused) {
+    close(fb_fd);
+    fb_fd = -1;
+
+    if (!double_buffered && gr_draw) {
+        free(gr_draw->data);
+        free(gr_draw);
+    }
+    gr_draw = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/minui/minui.h b/minui/minui.h
index 103318aa7..82282486d 100644
--- a/minui/minui.h
+++ b/minui/minui.h
@@ -17,24 +17,34 @@
 #ifndef _MINUI_H_
 #define _MINUI_H_
 
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-typedef void* gr_surface;
-typedef unsigned short gr_pixel;
+typedef struct {
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    int row_bytes;
+    int pixel_bytes;
+    unsigned char* data;
+} GRSurface;
+
+typedef GRSurface* gr_surface;
 
 int gr_init(void);
 void gr_exit(void);
 
 int gr_fb_width(void);
 int gr_fb_height(void);
-gr_pixel *gr_fb_data(void);
+
 void gr_flip(void);
 void gr_fb_blank(bool blank);
 
+void gr_clear();  // clear entire surface to current color
 void gr_color(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a);
 void gr_fill(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
 
@@ -43,7 +53,7 @@ void gr_fill(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
 int gr_text(int x, int y, const char *s, ...);
 int gr_text_impl(int x, int y, const char *s, int bold);
 
- void gr_texticon(int x, int y, gr_surface icon);
+void gr_texticon(int x, int y, gr_surface icon);
 int gr_measure(const char *s);
 void gr_font_size(int *x, int *y);
 void gr_get_memory_surface(gr_surface);
@@ -56,7 +66,7 @@ unsigned int gr_get_height(gr_surface surface);
 // see http://www.mjmwired.net/kernel/Documentation/input/ for info.
 struct input_event;
 
-typedef int (*ev_callback)(int fd, short revents, void *data);
+typedef int (*ev_callback)(int fd, uint32_t epevents, void *data);
 typedef int (*ev_set_key_callback)(int code, int value, void *data);
 
 int ev_init(ev_callback input_cb, void *data);
@@ -71,14 +81,46 @@ int ev_sync_key_state(ev_set_key_callback set_key_cb, void *data);
  */
 int ev_wait(int timeout);
 
-int ev_get_input(int fd, short revents, struct input_event *ev);
+int ev_get_input(int fd, uint32_t epevents, struct input_event *ev);
 void ev_dispatch(void);
+int ev_get_epollfd(void);
 
 // Resources
 
-// Returns 0 if no error, else negative.
-int res_create_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface);
-int res_create_localized_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface);
+// res_create_*_surface() functions return 0 if no error, else
+// negative.
+//
+// A "display" surface is one that is intended to be drawn to the
+// screen with gr_blit().  An "alpha" surface is a grayscale image
+// interpreted as an alpha mask used to render text in the current
+// color (with gr_text() or gr_texticon()).
+//
+// All these functions load PNG images from "/res/images/${name}.png".
+
+// Load a single display surface from a PNG image.
+int res_create_display_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface);
+
+// Load an array of display surfaces from a single PNG image.  The PNG
+// should have a 'Frames' text chunk whose value is the number of
+// frames this image represents.  The pixel data itself is interlaced
+// by row.
+int res_create_multi_display_surface(const char* name,
+                                     int* frames, gr_surface** pSurface);
+
+// Load a single alpha surface from a grayscale PNG image.
+int res_create_alpha_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface);
+
+// Load part of a grayscale PNG image that is the first match for the
+// given locale.  The image is expected to be a composite of multiple
+// translations of the same text, with special added rows that encode
+// the subimages' size and intended locale in the pixel data.  See
+// development/tools/recovery_l10n for an app that will generate these
+// specialized images from Android resources.
+int res_create_localized_alpha_surface(const char* name, const char* locale,
+                                       gr_surface* pSurface);
+
+// Free a surface allocated by any of the res_create_*_surface()
+// functions.
 void res_free_surface(gr_surface surface);
 static inline int res_create_display_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface) {
     return res_create_surface(name, pSurface);
diff --git a/minui/resources.c b/minui/resources.c
index 39f83c76f..92a3d316a 100644
--- a/minui/resources.c
+++ b/minui/resources.c
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 #include <linux/fb.h>
 #include <linux/kd.h>
 
-#include <pixelflinger/pixelflinger.h>
-
 #include <png.h>
 
 #include "minui.h"
@@ -39,23 +37,22 @@ char *locale = NULL;
 extern char* locale;
 #endif
 
-// libpng gives "undefined reference to 'pow'" errors, and I have no
-// idea how to convince the build system to link with -lm.  We don't
-// need this functionality (it's used for gamma adjustment) so provide
-// a dummy implementation to satisfy the linker.
-double pow(double x, double y) {
-    return x * y;
+#define SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT 8
+
+static gr_surface malloc_surface(size_t data_size) {
+    unsigned char* temp = malloc(sizeof(GRSurface) + data_size + SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT);
+    if (temp == NULL) return NULL;
+    gr_surface surface = (gr_surface) temp;
+    surface->data = temp + sizeof(GRSurface) +
+        (SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT - (sizeof(GRSurface) % SURFACE_DATA_ALIGNMENT));
+    return surface;
 }
 
-int res_create_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface) {
+static int open_png(const char* name, png_structp* png_ptr, png_infop* info_ptr,
+                    png_uint_32* width, png_uint_32* height, png_byte* channels) {
     char resPath[256];
-    GGLSurface* surface = NULL;
-    int result = 0;
     unsigned char header[8];
-    png_structp png_ptr = NULL;
-    png_infop info_ptr = NULL;
-
-    *pSurface = NULL;
+    int result = 0;
 
     snprintf(resPath, sizeof(resPath)-1, "/res/images/%s.png", name);
     resPath[sizeof(resPath)-1] = '\0';
@@ -76,114 +73,286 @@ int res_create_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface) {
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-    if (!png_ptr) {
+    *png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    if (!*png_ptr) {
         result = -4;
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
-    if (!info_ptr) {
+    *info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(*png_ptr);
+    if (!*info_ptr) {
         result = -5;
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
+    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(*png_ptr))) {
         result = -6;
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
-    png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, sizeof(header));
-    png_read_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
-
-    int color_type = info_ptr->color_type;
-    int bit_depth = info_ptr->bit_depth;
-    int channels = info_ptr->channels;
-    if (!(bit_depth == 8 &&
-          ((channels == 3 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB) ||
-           (channels == 4 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA) ||
-           (channels == 1 && (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE ||
-                              color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY))))) {
-        return -7;
+    png_init_io(*png_ptr, fp);
+    png_set_sig_bytes(*png_ptr, sizeof(header));
+    png_read_info(*png_ptr, *info_ptr);
+
+    int color_type, bit_depth;
+    png_get_IHDR(*png_ptr, *info_ptr, width, height, &bit_depth,
+            &color_type, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+    *channels = png_get_channels(*png_ptr, *info_ptr);
+
+    if (bit_depth == 8 && *channels == 3 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB) {
+        // 8-bit RGB images: great, nothing to do.
+    } else if (bit_depth <= 8 && *channels == 1 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY) {
+        // 1-, 2-, 4-, or 8-bit gray images: expand to 8-bit gray.
+        png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8(*png_ptr);
+    } else if (bit_depth <= 8 && *channels == 1 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE) {
+        // paletted images: expand to 8-bit RGB.  Note that we DON'T
+        // currently expand the tRNS chunk (if any) to an alpha
+        // channel, because minui doesn't support alpha channels in
+        // general.
+        png_set_palette_to_rgb(*png_ptr);
+        *channels = 3;
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "minui doesn't support PNG depth %d channels %d color_type %d\n",
+                bit_depth, *channels, color_type);
+        result = -7;
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    size_t width = info_ptr->width;
-    size_t height = info_ptr->height;
-    size_t stride = (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY ? 1 : 4) * width;
-    size_t pixelSize = stride * height;
+    return result;
 
-    surface = malloc(sizeof(GGLSurface) + pixelSize);
-    if (surface == NULL) {
-        result = -8;
-        goto exit;
+  exit:
+    if (result < 0) {
+        png_destroy_read_struct(png_ptr, info_ptr, NULL);
     }
-    unsigned char* pData = (unsigned char*) (surface + 1);
-    surface->version = sizeof(GGLSurface);
+    if (fp != NULL) {
+        fclose(fp);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// "display" surfaces are transformed into the framebuffer's required
+// pixel format (currently only RGBX is supported) at load time, so
+// gr_blit() can be nothing more than a memcpy() for each row.  The
+// next two functions are the only ones that know anything about the
+// framebuffer pixel format; they need to be modified if the
+// framebuffer format changes (but nothing else should).
+
+// Allocate and return a gr_surface sufficient for storing an image of
+// the indicated size in the framebuffer pixel format.
+static gr_surface init_display_surface(png_uint_32 width, png_uint_32 height) {
+    gr_surface surface;
+
+    surface = malloc_surface(width * height * 4);
+    if (surface == NULL) return NULL;
+
     surface->width = width;
     surface->height = height;
-    surface->stride = width; /* Yes, pixels, not bytes */
-    surface->data = pData;
-    surface->format = (channels == 3) ? GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888 :
-        ((color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE ? GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888 : GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_L_8));
-
-    int alpha = 0;
-    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE) {
-        png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_ptr);
-    }
-    if (png_get_valid(png_ptr, info_ptr, PNG_INFO_tRNS)) {
-        png_set_tRNS_to_alpha(png_ptr);
-        alpha = 1;
+    surface->row_bytes = width * 4;
+    surface->pixel_bytes = 4;
+
+    return surface;
+}
+
+// Copy 'input_row' to 'output_row', transforming it to the
+// framebuffer pixel format.  The input format depends on the value of
+// 'channels':
+//
+//   1 - input is 8-bit grayscale
+//   3 - input is 24-bit RGB
+//   4 - input is 32-bit RGBA/RGBX
+//
+// 'width' is the number of pixels in the row.
+static void transform_rgb_to_draw(unsigned char* input_row,
+                                  unsigned char* output_row,
+                                  int channels, int width) {
+    int x;
+    unsigned char* ip = input_row;
+    unsigned char* op = output_row;
+
+    switch (channels) {
+        case 1:
+            // expand gray level to RGBX
+            for (x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
+                *op++ = *ip;
+                *op++ = *ip;
+                *op++ = *ip;
+                *op++ = 0xff;
+                ip++;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case 3:
+            // expand RGBA to RGBX
+            for (x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
+                *op++ = *ip++;
+                *op++ = *ip++;
+                *op++ = *ip++;
+                *op++ = 0xff;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case 4:
+            // copy RGBA to RGBX
+            memcpy(output_row, input_row, width*4);
+            break;
     }
-    if (color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY) {
-        alpha = 1;
+}
+
+int res_create_display_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface) {
+    gr_surface surface = NULL;
+    int result = 0;
+    png_structp png_ptr = NULL;
+    png_infop info_ptr = NULL;
+    png_uint_32 width, height;
+    png_byte channels;
+
+    *pSurface = NULL;
+
+    result = open_png(name, &png_ptr, &info_ptr, &width, &height, &channels);
+    if (result < 0) return result;
+
+    surface = init_display_surface(width, height);
+    if (surface == NULL) {
+        result = -8;
+        goto exit;
     }
 
+    unsigned char* p_row = malloc(width * 4);
     unsigned int y;
-    if (channels == 3 || (channels == 1 && !alpha)) {
-        for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
-            unsigned char* pRow = pData + y * stride;
-            png_read_row(png_ptr, pRow, NULL);
-
-            int x;
-            for(x = width - 1; x >= 0; x--) {
-                int sx = x * 3;
-                int dx = x * 4;
-                unsigned char r = pRow[sx];
-                unsigned char g = pRow[sx + 1];
-                unsigned char b = pRow[sx + 2];
-                unsigned char a = 0xff;
-                pRow[dx    ] = r; // r
-                pRow[dx + 1] = g; // g
-                pRow[dx + 2] = b; // b
-                pRow[dx + 3] = a;
+    for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        png_read_row(png_ptr, p_row, NULL);
+        transform_rgb_to_draw(p_row, surface->data + y * surface->row_bytes, channels, width);
+    }
+    free(p_row);
+
+    *pSurface = surface;
+
+  exit:
+    png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, NULL);
+    if (result < 0 && surface != NULL) free(surface);
+    return result;
+}
+
+int res_create_multi_display_surface(const char* name, int* frames, gr_surface** pSurface) {
+    gr_surface* surface = NULL;
+    int result = 0;
+    png_structp png_ptr = NULL;
+    png_infop info_ptr = NULL;
+    png_uint_32 width, height;
+    png_byte channels;
+    int i;
+
+    *pSurface = NULL;
+    *frames = -1;
+
+    result = open_png(name, &png_ptr, &info_ptr, &width, &height, &channels);
+    if (result < 0) return result;
+
+    *frames = 1;
+    png_textp text;
+    int num_text;
+    if (png_get_text(png_ptr, info_ptr, &text, &num_text)) {
+        for (i = 0; i < num_text; ++i) {
+            if (text[i].key && strcmp(text[i].key, "Frames") == 0 && text[i].text) {
+                *frames = atoi(text[i].text);
+                break;
             }
         }
-    } else {
-        for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
-            unsigned char* pRow = pData + y * stride;
-            png_read_row(png_ptr, pRow, NULL);
+        printf("  found frames = %d\n", *frames);
+    }
+
+    if (height % *frames != 0) {
+        printf("bad height (%d) for frame count (%d)\n", height, *frames);
+        result = -9;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    surface = malloc(*frames * sizeof(gr_surface));
+    if (surface == NULL) {
+        result = -8;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < *frames; ++i) {
+        surface[i] = init_display_surface(width, height / *frames);
+        if (surface[i] == NULL) {
+            result = -8;
+            goto exit;
         }
     }
 
-    *pSurface = (gr_surface) surface;
+    unsigned char* p_row = malloc(width * 4);
+    unsigned int y;
+    for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        png_read_row(png_ptr, p_row, NULL);
+        int frame = y % *frames;
+        unsigned char* out_row = surface[frame]->data +
+            (y / *frames) * surface[frame]->row_bytes;
+        transform_rgb_to_draw(p_row, out_row, channels, width);
+    }
+    free(p_row);
+
+    *pSurface = (gr_surface*) surface;
 
 exit:
     png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, NULL);
 
-    if (fp != NULL) {
-        fclose(fp);
-    }
     if (result < 0) {
         if (surface) {
+            for (i = 0; i < *frames; ++i) {
+                if (surface[i]) free(surface[i]);
+            }
             free(surface);
         }
     }
     return result;
 }
 
-static int matches_locale(const char* loc) {
+int res_create_alpha_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface) {
+    gr_surface surface = NULL;
+    int result = 0;
+    png_structp png_ptr = NULL;
+    png_infop info_ptr = NULL;
+    png_uint_32 width, height;
+    png_byte channels;
+
+    *pSurface = NULL;
+
+    result = open_png(name, &png_ptr, &info_ptr, &width, &height, &channels);
+    if (result < 0) return result;
+
+    if (channels != 1) {
+        result = -7;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    surface = malloc_surface(width * height);
+    if (surface == NULL) {
+        result = -8;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    surface->width = width;
+    surface->height = height;
+    surface->row_bytes = width;
+    surface->pixel_bytes = 1;
+
+    unsigned char* p_row;
+    unsigned int y;
+    for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        p_row = surface->data + y * surface->row_bytes;
+        png_read_row(png_ptr, p_row, NULL);
+    }
+
+    *pSurface = surface;
+
+  exit:
+    png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, NULL);
+    if (result < 0 && surface != NULL) free(surface);
+    return result;
+}
+
+static int matches_locale(const char* loc, const char* locale) {
     if (locale == NULL) return 0;
 
     if (strcmp(loc, locale) == 0) return 1;
@@ -200,100 +369,61 @@ static int matches_locale(const char* loc) {
     return (strncmp(locale, loc, i) == 0 && locale[i] == '_');
 }
 
-int res_create_localized_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface) {
-    char resPath[256];
-    GGLSurface* surface = NULL;
+int res_create_localized_alpha_surface(const char* name,
+                                       const char* locale,
+                                       gr_surface* pSurface) {
+    gr_surface surface = NULL;
     int result = 0;
-    unsigned char header[8];
     png_structp png_ptr = NULL;
     png_infop info_ptr = NULL;
+    png_uint_32 width, height;
+    png_byte channels;
 
     *pSurface = NULL;
 
-    snprintf(resPath, sizeof(resPath)-1, "/res/images/%s.png", name);
-    resPath[sizeof(resPath)-1] = '\0';
-    FILE* fp = fopen(resPath, "rb");
-    if (fp == NULL) {
-        result = -1;
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
-    size_t bytesRead = fread(header, 1, sizeof(header), fp);
-    if (bytesRead != sizeof(header)) {
-        result = -2;
+    if (locale == NULL) {
+        surface = malloc_surface(0);
+        surface->width = 0;
+        surface->height = 0;
+        surface->row_bytes = 0;
+        surface->pixel_bytes = 1;
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    if (png_sig_cmp(header, 0, sizeof(header))) {
-        result = -3;
-        goto exit;
-    }
+    result = open_png(name, &png_ptr, &info_ptr, &width, &height, &channels);
+    if (result < 0) return result;
 
-    png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-    if (!png_ptr) {
-        result = -4;
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
-    info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
-    if (!info_ptr) {
-        result = -5;
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
-    if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
-        result = -6;
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
-    png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
-    png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, sizeof(header));
-    png_read_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
-
-    size_t width = info_ptr->width;
-    size_t height = info_ptr->height;
-    size_t stride = 4 * width;
-
-    int color_type = info_ptr->color_type;
-    int bit_depth = info_ptr->bit_depth;
-    int channels = info_ptr->channels;
-
-    if (!(bit_depth == 8 &&
-          (channels == 1 && color_type == PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY))) {
-        return -7;
+    if (channels != 1) {
+        result = -7;
         goto exit;
     }
 
     unsigned char* row = malloc(width);
-    int y;
+    png_uint_32 y;
     for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
         png_read_row(png_ptr, row, NULL);
         int w = (row[1] << 8) | row[0];
         int h = (row[3] << 8) | row[2];
         int len = row[4];
-        char* loc = row+5;
+        char* loc = (char*)row+5;
 
-        if (y+1+h >= height || matches_locale(loc)) {
+        if (y+1+h >= height || matches_locale(loc, locale)) {
             printf("  %20s: %s (%d x %d @ %d)\n", name, loc, w, h, y);
 
-            surface = malloc(sizeof(GGLSurface));
+            surface = malloc_surface(w*h);
             if (surface == NULL) {
                 result = -8;
                 goto exit;
             }
-            unsigned char* pData = malloc(w*h);
-
-            surface->version = sizeof(GGLSurface);
             surface->width = w;
             surface->height = h;
-            surface->stride = w; /* Yes, pixels, not bytes */
-            surface->data = pData;
-            surface->format = GGL_PIXEL_FORMAT_A_8;
+            surface->row_bytes = w;
+            surface->pixel_bytes = 1;
 
             int i;
             for (i = 0; i < h; ++i, ++y) {
                 png_read_row(png_ptr, row, NULL);
-                memcpy(pData + i*w, row, w);
+                memcpy(surface->data + i*w, row, w);
             }
 
             *pSurface = (gr_surface) surface;
@@ -308,21 +438,10 @@ int res_create_localized_surface(const char* name, gr_surface* pSurface) {
 
 exit:
     png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, NULL);
-
-    if (fp != NULL) {
-        fclose(fp);
-    }
-    if (result < 0) {
-        if (surface) {
-            free(surface);
-        }
-    }
+    if (result < 0 && surface != NULL) free(surface);
     return result;
 }
 
 void res_free_surface(gr_surface surface) {
-    GGLSurface* pSurface = (GGLSurface*) surface;
-    if (pSurface) {
-        free(pSurface);
-    }
+    free(surface);
 }